Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin. Melanin is the natural pigment that gives our skin, hair, and eyes their color. Hyperpigmentation can affect people of all skin types.

Here are some common forms of hyperpigmentation:

Sunspots (also called liver spots or solar lentigines) – These are related to excess sun exposure over time. Typically, they appear as spots on areas that have been exposed to the sun, like the face and hands.

Melasma – This is characterized by darkened patches of skin, often resulting from hormonal changes, and is more common in women, especially during pregnancy (sometimes called the “mask of pregnancy”).

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) – This occurs after an injury or inflammation to the skin, such as cuts, burns, chemical exposure, acne, or certain skin-care treatments. It is more noticeable in darker skin types.

Hyperpigmentation can be caused by various factors, including:

• Overexposure to the sun
• Genetic factors
• Hormonal changes, including pregnancy or the use of birth control pills
• Certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs
• Inflammation and skin injuries, including acne vulgaris
• Medical conditions such as Addison’s disease or hemochromatosis

Treatment for hyperpigmentation may include:

• Topical prescription medication such as hydroquinone, which lightens skin
• Retinoids, which can also help lighten dark patches
• Other topical treatments like resorcinol and arbutin
• Procedures like chemical peels, laser therapy, and pico second technology
• Sun protection, including the use of broad-spectrum sunscreens to prevent worsening of hyperpigmentation and the appearance of new spots